There was a time, long ago, when it was easy to pinpoint the beginning and end of the "Christmas season."
In cultures linked to centuries of Christian tradition, the feast of Christmas -- the Nativity of Our Lord Jesus Christ or Christ Mass -- was on December 25, the start of a festive 12-day season that ended with the Feast of the Epiphany. Many Eastern Orthodox churches continue to use the ancient Julian calendar, celebrating Christmas on January 7.
Then there is the "Christmas season" for the whole culture. One big change occurred on December 26, 1941, when President Franklin D. Roosevelt -- focusing on Christmas shopping -- signed a joint resolution of Congress defining Thanksgiving as the fourth Thursday in November. That established an official starting line for the dash to Christmas.
By the early 1960s, the name "Black Friday" was attached to the day after Thanksgiving, with armies of shoppers heading to downtown stores and, eventually, the shopping malls that replaced them. This brand of Christmas opened with a bang, with throngs gathering before dawn to grab "Black Friday" bargains, with police present to control the inevitable pushing and shoving.
Then came the Internet, with more changes in the size and shape of the commercial steamroller known as the "Holidays."
"It's safe to say that Black Friday has become a concept, not an event. We have ended up with Black Fridays all the way down" the calendar during November, said Jeremy Lott, managing editor for publications at the Competitive Enterprise Institute and former editor of the Real Clear Religion website.
"Basically, we're talking about Black Friday after Black Friday everywhere, world without end. Amen," he added, in a telephone interview.
It's true that millions of shoppers can flock to any "malls that are still open," he said. But in terms of large-scale holiday rites, the "liturgy of the shopping mall" has devolved into smaller rites focusing on waves of sales in strip-mall shops and "big-box" stores located nearby.
At the same time, regional, national and international computer networks and digital "clouds" are making it easy for on-the-ground businesses to create new "Holiday" options in the marketplace in which everyone, everywhere, is caught in a life-and-death struggle with Amazon.com and the online giants.
Thus, the old "Black Friday" after Thanksgiving led to "Small Business Saturday," followed by "Cyber Monday" and "Giving Tuesday." Meanwhile, anyone paying attention to television networks, cable-television networks and online streaming services has seen "Christmas" and "Holiday" programs and advertisements creep, in reverse, past Thanksgiving and even Halloween.
In a Washington Examiner commentary, Lott noted that it's hard to know how these realities will shape the future -- for businesses or consumers. One shopper told Lott that the trend of extending the borders of the season "makes me turn into a combination of Charlie Brown and Ted Kaczynski," referring to the domestic terrorist known as the Unabomber.
"The jury is still out on whether earlier sales will provide a big boost for retailers," wrote Lott. "Many consumers profess disgust at the widening of the holiday selling season, yet economists distinguish between stated and revealed preferences. Stated preferences are what we say; revealed preferences are what we actually do."
Based on polling this fall, Gallup researchers reported that when asked "when they planned to start shopping this year, 41% of U.S. holiday shoppers" said they planned to "start their shopping before November."
What about Christmas, the holy day? In the midst of all this change, it's getting harder for Christian leaders to know how to handle Christmas, not to mention the once quiet, penitential season during the weeks before December 25, known as Advent (Nativity Lent in Eastern Orthodoxy).
The question is whether the rise of online shopping and "Holiday" sales spread over a larger amount of time will make it easier, or harder, for religious believers to focus on their faith before and after December 25.
“The one big mall is dead," noted Lott. "The mall has been unbundled and now it's everywhere. You can go online and do your shopping without heading into the old Black Friday crush and maybe even getting hurt. You don't have to do that anymore. You have other options. The question is what kinds of choices people are going to make when dealing with these changes."