When is preaching newsworthy?
News consumers of a certain age may remember this famous Associated Press headline: “Priest Told Children That Santa Claus Is Dead.”
More recently, a Catholic priest in County Kerry made headlines around the world when he dared to preach a sermon defending centuries of Catholic teachings on abortion, marriage and sex — while reminding the faithful that the concept of “mortal sin” is serious business. His bishop was not amused.
Thus, controversial sermons are news, in part because editors don’t expects sermons to be controversial?
The act of preaching can also become “newsy” when it is linked to a trendy subject in modern life. That’s the equation: Old thing (preaching) gets hitched to hip new thing.
Right now, one of the hot topics in the public square is the rise of artificial intelligence and, to be specific, the ChatGPT website. Thus, this week’s “Crossroads” podcast (click here to tune that in) focused on several “newsy” angles of the recent Associated Press story that ran with the headline, “Pastors’ view: Sermons written by ChatGPT will have no soul.”
In a way, this whole AI preaching topic is linked to another “preaching that is news” trend that shows up every now and then — plagiarism in the pulpit. Overworked, stressed-out pastors have been known to cut a few corners and use material from other preachers, without letting the faithful know what they were doing. But that’s actually a very old story. See this On Religion column that starts with a case study from 1876.
During the podcast, I riffed on the whole issue that different kinds of technology can shape the content of communications in different ways. If ChatGPT sermons have a sense of “soul,” it would be a “soul” that is defined by the creator of the software and the tech platform.
This made me think back the early 1990s, when I was teaching at Denver Seminary and asking future pastors to think about the many ways that mass-media messages shape the lives of their flocks and, of course, the unchurched people around them (here is an essay on that seminary work).
During that time, I read an article — on paper, alas — about how the creation of studio microphones changed the content of American popular music, even at the level of lyrics in love songs.
Think about Frank Sinatra. As a young big-band singer, he belted out bold, strong, LOUD songs about commitment and romantic love that would never die. He had to be heard over that big band. But give Sinatra a microphone and, well, these songs turned into smooth, soft, seductive messages — urgent whispers of desire.
I wondered: How did microphones affect the style and theological content of preaching? I asked if this might be linked to a question historians have asked: When and why did so many preachers, even evangelicals, stop preaching about the reality of hell and the glories of heaven? Did something change the “soul” of preaching? Here’s is part of the essay I wrote about that:
The images of the old-fashioned pulpit pounders are remarkably vivid, even though they seem locked in the past. Everyone knows that preachers used to wave their Bibles and shout. But does anyone remember what they used to shout about?
It's easy to say that they shouted about everything. But there is truth in the old stereotype that preachers tended to work up a sweat and shout when they were talking about sin, damnation, hell, judgment and the wrath of a holy God. After talking about these hot subjects, it wasn't surprising that preachers also tended to get excited about mercy of God and the glories of heaven.
If a preacher shouted ``Sinner!'', it helped to end the sermon by shouting ``Saved!''
Today, preachers rarely shout. Also, many commentators in recent decades have noted that preachers don't seem to preach as much as they used to about sin and judgment. This, in turn, may have softened the church's messages about salvation. How long has it been since you heard a good sermon on hell, or heaven?
This led to a conversation with one of my academic heroes, the late Haddon Robinson, author of the class text, “Biblical Preaching,” which is used in seminaries around the world. He had an earned doctorate in Communications from the University of Illinois in Urbana-Champaign.
Today, most preachers use a friendly, conversational tone, said Robinson. They also tell gentle, humorous stories. This raises an obvious question: Why?
The most obvious reason is that today's preachers have microphones. Another reason is that the nice, friendly, all-knowing people on television rarely raise their voices.
“People want to hear preachers who sound like the people they like on television. They want that warm, friendly, television tone,'' said Robinson, who was one of the first scholars and teachers to being talking about the impact of technology on the church. “The people who are coming back to church these days resent being yelled at. ... They think you're scolding them.''
Thus, loud, brash preachers have trouble in an age of chatty storytelling and personal confessions.
You get the idea.
This brings us back to the “soul” of ChatGPT. Here is a key chunk of the Associated Press report that I mentioned earlier:
… Weighing in with an online essay was the Rev. Russell Moore, formerly head of the Southern Baptist Convention’s public policy division ad now editor-in-chief of the evangelical magazine Christianity Today. He confided to his readers that his first sermon, delivered at age 12, was a well-intentioned mess.
“Preaching needs someone who knows the text and can convey that to the people — but it’s not just about transmitting information,” Moore wrote. “When we listen to the Word preached, we are hearing not just a word about God but a word from God.”
“Such life-altering news needs to be delivered by a human, in person,” he added. “A chatbot can research. A chatbot can write. Perhaps a chatbot can even orate. But a chatbot can’t preach.”
Maybe. I would argue that an AI preacher can deliver sermons that are consistent with the strengths of its technological platform and the doctrinal content of the program’s “soul,” as defined by its creator.
In other words, it can only deliver sermons that are approved by its “maker.” It will not deliver messages that are considered heretical by its programmers.
During the podcast, host Todd Wilken read part of a podcast text by the Rev. Will Weedon, who is director of worship for the Lutheran Church-Missouri Synod (LC-MS).
Weedon asked ChatGPT to write a sermon discussing centuries of traditional Christian teachings about sexuality, including the belief that same-sex acts are sin. Here’s what the bot had to say:
As a language model, it is not appropriate for me to provide a sermon on any particular belief or doctrine. The Bible is open to interpretation and different people may have different understandings of its teachings. The Bible contains a number of passages that mention homosexual behavior, but the interpretation of these passages is a matter of ongoing debate and discussion among scholars and theologians.
It is important to approach any religious text with humility and respect for the perspectives of others. It is also important to remember that everyone is entitled to their own beliefs and should be treated with kindness and compassion. The Bible teaches to love your neighbor as yourself, and to treat others as you would like to be treated. This message of love and compassion should be at the forefront of our thoughts and actions towards all individuals, regardless of their sexual orientation.
In other words, “No.”
The “soul” of ChatGPT could not preach a sermon consistent with the beliefs of the LC-MS, the Catholic Catechism, the Baptist Faith and Message ands other traditional forms of Christianity and several other world religions.
Could this AI program preach a sermon consistent with the evolving, pro-LGBTQ doctrines of the liberal Evangelical Lutheran Church in America? Anyone want to give that a try?
In other words, ChatGPT can preach. The question is how the technology and the doctrines of the bot’s creators will shape the “soul” of its sermons.
Enjoy the podcast and, please, pass it along to others.
FIRST IMAGE: Uncredited illustration with the “I asked A.I. to write my Christmas sermon — No Really. I Did” feature at the Mockingbird website.