I've said it once, twice, and I'll say it again -- there is more than one Orthodox Church in the Ukraine.
Does this matter? Is this pettifogging carping -- dull minded pedantry? Am I just showing off a store of useless knowledge, or Is it important to distinguish between the Ukrainian Orthodox Church (Kiev Patriarchate) (KP) and the Ukrainian Orthodox Church (Moscow Patriachate) (MP) when reporting on the demonstrations in Kiev?
If you want to understand what is going on and break free from the narrative being peddled that this is a conflict over "fundamental European values" (Guardian) with the protestors "defying the post-Soviet order imposed by Russia" (Economist) in order to build what British Foreign Secretary William Hague believes will be a "free, sovereign, democratic" Ukraine -- then it is important to understand the local issues driving this conflict. Contrary to what the Western European politicians want to believe, this is not a rerun of the Cold War with Angela Merkel and David Cameron replacing Ronald Reagan as the hero. What then is going on?
On page A8 this morning the Wall Street Journal ran a story entitled "Cathedral Turns Into Hospital as Ukraine Protests Worsen." Casualties from the fighting in Independence Square, or Maidan Square as it is know to the locals, have been brought to the cathedral for treatment by volunteer doctors.
The lede states:
KIEV, Ukraine -- In St. Michael's Cathedral, Orthodox priests chanting prayers have been replaced by doctors calling for medicine.
The golden-domed church has been transformed into a field hospital of sorts for protesters injured or worse in days of deadly clashes with police.
And then the story shifts to interviews and man in the street accounts from doctors, volunteers and patients being treated at the cathedral. The article is strongly written and crisply presents the sights and sounds observed by the Wall Street Journal's man in Kiev.
"We've had four or five corpses here already today," says Taras Semushchak, a 47-year-old surgeon from Lviv in western Ukraine. "Most had gunshot wounds from snipers and Kalashnikovs."
Yet for all the color reporting, the article does not ask the question why are the wounded being treated at St. Michael's? Why not at St. Sophia's Orthodox Cathedral on Volodymyrs'ka Street? Why a cathedral in the first place?
Is this a Kievan counterpart to the Occupy Wall Street crowd seeking to use Trinity Wall Street in lower Manhattan as a base of operations? With the difference being the Episcopal Church said no while the KP said yes?
Is a better analogy St. Paul's Cathedral in London permitting protestors to use their precincts?
In our past posts on this subject, tmatt and I have explored the religious dimensions of this story noting there are three principal churches in the Ukraine: the Moscow Patriarchate, the Kiev Patriarchate, and the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church (in full communion with the Roman Catholic Church).
The leaders of the three churches have taken differing stands on the protests, with the Kiev Patriarchate and the Greek Catholics backing the country’s realignment towards Europe, while the Moscow Patriarchate backs the president’s alignment with Vladimir Putin’s regime in Moscow. In late December the bishops of the Russian Orthodox Church, including its Ukrainian bishops, released a statement condemning proposals for the Ukraine to move closer to the EU at the expense of its relations with Russia.
Speaking at the Heritage Foundation in Washington last November Patriarch Filaret of the Kiev Patriarchate urged the Ukraine to break free from Moscow and secure its political, economic and religious independence. He was reported to have said:
[T]he Ukrainian Churches would benefit from an Association Agreement. For one thing, it would place the Ukrainian Orthodox Church of the Moscow Patriarchate (UOC-MP) in a new situation. With Ukraine committed to Europe and continued independence, that Church would have to decide which side it was on – that of Russia, or that of the Ukrainian people. By siding with Russia, the UOC-MP would assume the role of a fifth column for a hostile state. If, on the other hand, it sided with the Ukrainians, it would be obligated to unite with the Ukrainian Orthodox Church of the Kyivan Patriarchate (UOC-KP) into a single Ukrainian Orthodox Church, independent of Moscow.
The Kiev Patriarchate and the Greek Catholic Church have lent their support to the demonstrations -- and as the Wall Street Journal story reports, the KP has opened its churches as sanctuaries for the wounded. The Moscow Patriarchate in Kiev has backed President Yanukovich -- and its calls for calm echoes the president’s public statements to date.
Leaving out the affiliation of the cathedral to the KP blurs the ethnic-religious elements of this conflict. And it makes the setting of this story meaningless. It could just as well have been a school, museum or other large civic structure.
But aside from the spiritual resonance of a cathedral serving as a hospital for the souls of the sick and a cathedral serving as a shelter for the wounded -- there is a practical link between St. Michael's, its clergy, the KP and the unfolding demonstrations in Kiev. That's a fact. It matters.