What’s religion got to do with Russia’s attack on Ukraine?

A whole lot, according to some experts.

Writing at GetReligion early this month (then republished by Religion Unplugged), Richard Ostling stressed that journalists shouldn’t neglect the importance of the Byzantine histories of the two rival Orthodox churches in Ukraine. Readers will also want to see tmatt’s Feb. 19 “think piece” building on that: “Thinking about Orthodox history and the complex West vs. East divisions in Ukraine.”

Ostling, retired longtime religion writer for Time magazine and The Associated Press, noted:

Russia and Ukraine contain, by far, the two largest national populations in Eastern Orthodox Christianity. The new World Christian Encyclopedia edition — which belongs in every media and academic library — counts 114 million Orthodox in Russia, for 79% of the population, and 32 million in Ukraine, for 73%.

Terminology note for writers: “Eastern Orthodox” is the precise designation for such churches — related historically to the Ecumenical Patriarchate based in Turkey — that affirm the definition of Jesus Christ’s divinity by the Council of Chalcedon (A.D. 451). The separate branch of so-called “Oriental Orthodox” is non-Chalcedonian; its largest national church is in Ethiopia.

Ukraine’s ecclesiastical history, like its political history, is highly complex. The saga began with the A.D. 988 “baptism of Rus” in Kyiv — Russians prefer “Kiev” — when Prince Vladimir proclaimed Orthodoxy the religion of his realm and urged the masses to join him in conversion and baptism.

Russians see Christendom’s entry into Eastern Europe as the origin of their homeland and the Russian Orthodox Church. Russian President Vladimir Putin cites this history to support his claim for Ukraine as a client area within greater Russia instead of a validly independent nation. His post-Soviet Kremlin maintains close bonds with the Russian Church’s Moscow Patriarchate, which in turn has centuries of ecclesiastical authority within Ukraine.

At Religion News Service, religion author Diana Butler Bass makes the case that “Kyiv is essentially Jerusalem, and this is a conflict over who will have control of Orthodoxy — Moscow or Constantinople.”

Bass writes:

While the secular media tries to guess Vladimir Putin’s motives in Ukraine, one important aspect of the current situation has gone largely ignored: religion.

I’m no expert in Eastern European history, but my training in church history offers a lens into the events in Ukraine. In effect, the world is witnessing a new version of an old tale — the quest to re-create an imperial Christian state, a neo-medieval “Holy Roman Empire” — uniting political, economic and spiritual power into an entity to control the earthly and heavenly destiny of European peoples.

The dream gripping some quarters of the West is for a coalition to unify religious conservatives into a kind of supra-national neo-Christendom. The theory is to create a partnership between American evangelicals, traditionalist Catholics in Western countries and Orthodox peoples under the auspices of the Russian Orthodox Church in a common front against three enemies — decadent secularism, a rising China and Islam — for a glorious rebirth of moral purity and Christian culture.

At Religion Dispatches, scholar Katie Kelaidis argues:

Make no mistake about it, if there is a war between Russia and Ukraine, it’ll be a religious war. The sooner those in the West recognize this reality and catch up on the details the better.

At Unherd, journalist and clergyman Giles Fraser reflects on Russian President Vladimir Putin’s “spiritual destiny” and suggests:

At the heart of this post-Soviet revival of Christianity is another Vladimir. Vladimir Putin. Many people don’t appreciate the extent to which the invasion of Ukraine is a spiritual quest for him. The Baptism of Rus is the founding event of the formation of the Russian religious psyche, the Russian Orthodox church traces its origins back here. That’s why Putin is not so much interested in a few Russian-leaning districts to the east of Ukraine. His goal, terrifyingly, is Kyev itself.

Putin “is after more than land — he wants the religious soul of Ukraine,” former U.S. State Department envoy Knox Thames writes for RNS.

For additional background, see researcher Chrissy Stroop’s 2018 ForeignPolicy piece on how “Putin wants God (or at least the church) on his side.”

More religion headlines:

• Pope Francis asks world Christians to pray for peace In Ukraine this Ash Wednesday (by Clemente Lisi, ReligionUnplugged.com)

• Amid Russian invasion of Ukraine, Vatican pleas for 'room for negotiation' (by Christopher White, National Catholic Reporter)

• Russia keeps punishing evangelicals in Crimea (by Kate Shellnutt, Christianity Today)

• Amid war and rumors of war, Ukraine pastors preach and prepare (by Jayson Casper, Christianity Today)

• ‘Pray for Ukraine’: Religious leaders call for peace and God’s protection (by Bob Smietana, Religion News Service)

• Moscow Patriarch Kirill, Ukrainian Orthodox leaders issue calls for peace (by Claire Giangravé and Jack Jenkins, RNS)

• Why Ukraine matters to Churches of Christ (by Erik Tryggestad, The Christian Chronicle)

• ‘We stay, pray and try to bring hope’ (by Erik Tryggestad, The Christian Chronicle)

• The Ukrainian Church: ‘We need more Bibles’ (by Robert L. Briggs, Christianity Today)

• For Ukraine’s Jews, the threat of war stirs memories of past horrors (by Michael Schwirtz, New York Times)

Power Up: The Week’s Best Reads

1. Ravi Zacharias International Ministries spent nearly $1 million suing Ravi Zacharias abuse victim: Christianity Today’s Daniel Silliman leads the way — once again — with his relentless investigative reporting on this sad story.

“RZIM approved an external review last year to examine the ministry culture and practices that enabled apologist Ravi Zacharias to sexually abuse multiple women and almost completely cover it up,” Silliman notes in this long-awaited update. “Investigators found that the board used deceptive financial maneuvers to fund the RZIM founder’s federal lawsuit against a woman he sexually abused.”

CONTINUE READING: “Russia Attacks Ukraine: Why Some Experts Insist Putin Is Motivated By Religion” by Bobby Ross, Jr., at Religion Unplugged.